Edgar Allan Poe Essay

Edgar Allan Poe was evil genius for his time and a great literary forerunner of today. He created the mind set for current writers such as Stephen King, Clive Barker, and Robin Cook by creating the horror story. Poe invites the reader to enter the mind of the narrator by using our senses as a way to provoke terror, suspense, and awe. His writing was influenced by many tragic losses in his life, and this would explain why Poe was a writer of such morbid short stories and poems. Poe’s experiences in life definitely influenced the remarkable literary work he produced. In his early life he had to deal with the death of both his parents, a difficult experience, but Poe accepted it as time went on. Later on in his life Poe’s stepfather disowned him. Young Edgar’s life was changed due to abandonment, alcoholism, and depression. In 1832 Poe moved in with his aunt and his 11 year old cousin in Baltimore. Poe then married his younger cousin in 1836. However, Poe did not know that he would suffer yet another terrible loss, the loss of his love, his wife. Poe’s ability to write literature was the window for him to express his feelings. All of Poe’s tragic losses affected the way he wrote. Poe used his life experiences to make his writing a lot more interesting. Poe’s writing is remarkably interesting. The poem â€Å"The Raven† showed how Poe erected a crazed state of mind, as the poem shows how the loss or a loved one drove a person crazy. This poem was possibly created for his wife that he had lost. While reading the poem it seems as if the stresses of the life of Poe, and his thoughts and feelings were all put into this poem. Throughout Poe’s life, many factors have contributed and influenced his writing style. He lived a difficult life, because he was raised in a dysfunctional household. But the final product of Poe’s mind is printed in his short stories and poems. Poe’s stories all have similar motifs and composition that would suggest suppressed emotions from life experiences are being discharged through his writings. The most prominent feature of Poe’s writing is his obsession with death. Poe’s writing does more than entertain the reader. It can be an insight into the dark and somber world of Edgar Allan Poe. One does not understand the meaning of Poe if one reads at the superficial level. One has to read into Poe, and understand the hardships of his life and how he maintained them that way. He knew that death was an inevitable part of life, it is the price of life, but he tried to fight it as if it was an unnatural part of life. He was an extremely intriguing man from all viewpoints, and he was and is, the dark side of all of us. It is difficult not to link Poe’s fictional stories with his real life. Evidence shows that Poe had a heart condition during his later years in life. Could â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† be his own fear of the disease? Who knows? Could Poe have been expressing his fears that his alcoholic rages may cause him to hurt the one’s he loved most in his tale â€Å"The Black Cat†? Finally, was â€Å"the Pit and the Pendulum† an allegory of his life? Did he find himself caught â€Å"between the pendulum of financial adversity and the pit of degradation of death†? Poe made the reader feel as if the reader were there, in the story, struggling with the same terrors of the characters. All his famous mystery thriller works give the reader a sense of nervousness, a sense of fear, and a sense of evil, by making our five senses awaken by reading every word. Critics say that Poe did not merely imitate the Gothic tales, but he also â€Å"enriched them by preserving a central action while adding philosophical speculations and lore that deepened the impressions of the tales†. As a result of the traumas he endured, Poe was â€Å"unafraid of taking his readers for a walk on the dark side, where lines between life and death were sometimes blurred†. His ability to tap into humankind’s deepest fears and his consistency in portraying such intriguing and captivating themes is what has kept the work of Poe timeless. In short, Edgar Allan Poe has created many great stories for us. He liked to illustrate the dissolution of an individual’s mind and body, as he had suffered it himself for quite a long time. He thought death is unavoidable, because he experienced keenly deaths all around him and its threat on his own life. He was obsessed by the loss of love of ideal women, for he had the same experience in life. Now, we can understand why Poe had a tendency of choosing such themes. Poe is an author of the inner world and his writings are his psychological autobiography to some extent. In this respect, Poe pioneered a new field in literature. He is the first one who focused on man’s mental and spiritual activities, and his writings have deep influence on many of later writers.    WORKS CITED Poe, Edgar Allan. Introductory Notes and Editor’s preface by Phillip van Doren Stern. In Selected Tales and Poems. The Viking Portal Library, Penguin Books, 1993. Moore, R. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart: Discussion.† 2002.Online. Internet. 11 November 2002. Available WWW: http://www.allpoe.com Murphy, Sally. â€Å"Poe’s Poetry.† 2002.Online. Internet. 12 November 2002. Available WWW: http://www.allpoe.com Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe His Life and Legacy. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992. Peters, James. â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe.† April 1, 2002.http://www.island-of-freedom.com/POE.HTM Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: A Mournful and Never-Ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991. Death of Edgar Allan Poe. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998

My Salon Observation

I did my salon observation at Faith Beauty Salon. This is a salon I visited time after time to have services done to my hair, and never before taken an in-depth look at the surroundings. The front of the salon was just average, as the appearance didn’t give an inviting feeling. There were pictures of hair styles and products on the exterior, but they were hidden behind grills. My first day of observation was on a slow day, as the customers were few. I noticed that the salon was untidy, and dirty. The workers sat down and discussed personal business rather than taking the opportunity to tidy up the salon (fig. 2). There were drinks bottles on the hair station, and shoes and a bucket on the floor (fig. 2). Tools weren’t put away properly, when not in use, e.g. blowdryer on hairstation (see fig. 2). There didn’t seem to be proper storage for workers to put their handbags, as they were being kept on the hair station (fig. 3). The shampoo area was quite small, and this was also were the garbage was being stored (fig. 4). Used towels were left on the shampoo basin (fig. 4). The microwave for heating lunch is kept right over the garbage bin in the shampoo area (fig. 4). The nails area was kept fairly neat and tidy by the nail technician (fig. 5). This may be due to the fact that this is the only rented station in the salon. There was quite a lot of selling going on in the salon, but nearly all the items being sold were not pertaining to haircare. E.g. there were large displays of handbags (fig. 6). There was also a showcase with slippers, and bath & body products for sale (fig. 2). The salon carried only one line of haircare products for retailing, in a very small quantity (fig.7). Overall the salon seem to be lacking in areas of sanitization, proper storage, image (e.g. attractiveness), and professionalism. It felt very much like a boutique, rather than a salon.

CHAPTER ONE Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CHAPTER ONE - Personal Statement Example an enterprise in regard to retention or acquisition of customers is highly influenced by market trends and the interaction and relationship between that enterprise and its customers. The evolution of firm-customer relations have made companies more persistent on acquiring new customers than they pursue customer retention. This has come at a time when companies face industrial and informational change, thus the need to diversify their customer base. Essentially, acquisition of customers provides for this need effectively and efficiently. Market competition is another critical factor that makes companies persistent on acquiring new customers. Customer-driven competition requires that companies align their view of the customer with all the underlying business functions, thus becoming customer-strategy enterprises (Peppers and Martha 32). The ultimate objective is to enhance the realization of enterprise profitability while ensuring that the diverse and dynamic customer interests are met. Changing the new-customer-acquisition course would be influenced by a redirection of priority to retention when it comes to growing customer base

Ethical Issues of Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethical Issues of Information Technology - Essay Example Computers are special technology that raises special ethical issues (Moor, 1991) and that such issues and problems are unique to the field. They would not have been issues had it not been for the technology itself (Maner, 1996). Ethical issues of information technology are called many names like computer ethics, information ethics, and cyberethics. In the whole of information systems management, whatever its name, the new technology radically reshapes life styles, at the same time creates challenges in the areas of privacy, property, security and individual identity (Information systems, 2007). The following discussion covers issues in consumer or online privacy, copyright, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, legal jurisdiction, and online contracting that manifest in the field of information technology. The details come in the form of definitions and philosophical reflections or historical events elucidating the issue. The paper then ends with a note on probabilities for the future. Computer and information technology may be used interchangeably throughout the paper and may mean the same. The Ethical Issues Online Privacy. The cheap, fast, painless encryption technology provided by the computer has transformed the privacy debate completely. While before, people worried about the wearing away of privacy, the concern now is about the computer-generated privacy "afforded to every criminal with a computer and half a brain." (Maner, 1996). Electronic mail has replaced telephone and inter-office mail communications as the principal medium of business communications and this has made work easier. Throughout it all, however, suddenly, one's email address has become known to merchandisers and one begins receiving a lot of unsolicited email daily about products being advertised. Identity theft generally involves obtaining data from individual consumers' financial transactions on the Internet or elsewhere, and either billing the consumers' credit cards for nonexistent transactions or services, or using consumers' personal data to conduct actual transactions that are billed to the consumers(Internet Fraud, 2000). Identity theft is an Internet fraud. There is a need for email privacy in the workplace and the blocking of bulk E-mail solicitations called "SPAM." How had the address been known to others The sale of personal information, or its use by a successor, according to Zaharoff (2001) may constitute "unfair or deceptive" act even if it is not a breach of contract. The Computer-Processed Personal Data Protection Act was passed in 1995, governing official agency as well as non-official agency (Yang & Chang, 2007). At present, however, the only eight categories of non-official agency governed by it are credit information, hospital, school, telecommunications, financing and banking, securities, insurance and mass communications (Yang & Chang, 2007). This means these agencies having to do with these concerns must apply

Art appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art appreciation - Essay Example This activity provided steady employment for many architects and sculptors who organized leading workshops in Greece, revolutionizing Greek classical art and architecture. The Parthenon, built by Menesicles and Ictinus, along with the Propylaea (the gateway with the finest paintings and sculpture of the Classical age) crowned the Athenian Acropolis. Other prominent works included The Panhellenic shrines, Delphi (oracle of Apollo) and Olympia (the shrine of Zeus). Delphi (460 BC) is the athlete offering libation of oil from patera (sacrificial bowl) in thanks for victory1. Ancient Greece produced some of the most exquisite sculptures the world has ever seen. The art reminiscence the freedom of movement, expression, and celebrates mankind as an independent entity. The great artisans of that period worked tirelessly to show the world what artistry could do for mankind. They replaced the strict asymmetry of figures with the free flowing form more true to life, through stone and bronze. The Greeks were fond of their history and most of the sculptures that adorned important government and other prominent buildings were those of the Kouros. Kouros statues dominated the archaic period of Greek Art. These statues were reminders of great Greek men and women who lived and died a popular figure. Most of these statues were stark reminders of those who died centuries ago and remain immortal through their artistic brilliance (Greeklandscapes.com, 2007). During the Classical period the charismatic smile that dominated so many archaic sculptures was replaced by a solemn facial expression. Sculptures which depicted violent and passionate scenes betrayed no expression, for the Greeks, their nobles were next to God, and it was their enemies (the barbarians) who were depicted with dramatic facial expressions (Greeklandscapes.com, 2007). This bronze

For Reebok Web Site Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

For Reebok Web Site - Essay Example Now web sites are used not only for promotions but for actual sales as well. Companies are giving lot more emphasis on Online Retailing. Branding itself is an investment in letting the people 'know' about the company. A brand is the promise that a company makes to customers combined with the customers' judgment about how well the company can deliver on that promise.2 Business becomes easier when you have a recognisable brand. With a strong brand, the company doesn't have to sell nearly as long or as hard. For example Reebok itself is a renowned brand associated with sports accessories. Mention the name 'Reebok; and millions of people throughout the world have an immediate perception and expectation of what the company stands for. For an International branding name, company's personality requires to be easily identifiable at every customer touch point, from word of mouth to final sale. It is therefore to be made sure that every bit and byte of packaging, presentations, communications, and marketing speaks with a brand-consistent look and voice. Think of Boeing and what comes to mind is the huge aircrafts. Think of Intel and the association is synonymous with microprocessors. In fact, what these brands have done is to become generic in the minds of customers. This involves not just selling products or services but positive buying experiences. A collaborative effort is a must enroute to building a brand. Advertising campaigns duly supported by PR exercises and philanthropic generosity makes a roadmap for branding. For this very reason Reebok relies on sponsoring sporting events, investing in famous sportspersons as brand-ambassadors and helping the environmentalist campaigns, human rights activities etc. The RE EBOK HUMAN RIGHTS AWARD gives recognition and financial support to young activists who have made significant contributions to human rights through non-violent means.3 The mission statement of RHR foundation states, "The Reebok Human Rights Foundation seeks to promote and protect human rights through grantmaking that is motivated by the principles outlined in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Foundation supports initiatives that generate awareness and motivate advocacy, particularly among young people, to defend human rights."4 It is an established fact that sporting equipment are not made at one single factory, but this job is outsourced to different unnamed units worldwide and thereafter the brand name 'Reebok' is put on the finished product. Reebok therefore takes pride in describing their business practices by stating, "Our commitment to human rights extends to the thousands of workers worldwide who make our products. We know that to be proud of the pr oducts we put our name on, we cannot be indifferent to the conditions in which they are made."

Reflective Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Reflective Portfolio - Essay Example Therefore, an integration of reflective thinking and practice is a major strategy for enhancing their service to people with proper consideration of human qualities (Maharg, 2007; pg. 35). It is notable that reflective practice remains very cruel to the profession for lifelong learning ought to take place among legal professionals (Brockbank & Macgill, 2007; pg. 58). Several models for reflective practice have been recommended to escalate the peoples’ abilities to putting down critical information together during reflections. However, this paper shall discuss the Kolbs Cycle Model and its application in reflective practice (Maharg, 2007; pg. 37). Significance of Reflective Practice As already mentioned, the significance of reflective practice cannot be underestimated. The rationale for lifelong learning among people in the legal fraternity is crucial to their effective undertaking of diverse activities (Zubizarreta & Millis, 2009; pg. 57). The legal practitioners should develo p the abilities to transfer knowledge of fresh contexts and undesirable situations. The significance is also attached to their ability to apply their legal knowledge and experiences to totally differing scenarios (Clifford & Thorpe, 2007; pg. 28). The significance is also attached to making the legal practitioners have the ability to cope with their daily honest, ethical, and individual dilemmas. It is notable that these challenges are common in the legal practice. Therefore, it is of great significance that the legal trainees undergoing their practice also learn reflective practice (Zubizarreta & Millis, 2009; pg. 123). The training institutions require integrating the themes for reflective practice in their modules. They should also ensure that the assessment designs for learning... The significance of reflective practice cannot be underestimated. The rationale for lifelong learning among people in the legal fraternity is crucial to their effective undertaking of diverse activities (Zubizarreta & Millis, 2009; pg. 57). The legal practitioners should develop the abilities to transfer knowledge of fresh contexts and undesirable situations. The significance is also attached to their ability to apply their legal knowledge and experiences to totally differing scenarios (Clifford & Thorpe, 2007; pg. 28). The significance is also attached to making the legal practitioners have the ability to cope with their daily honest, ethical, and individual dilemmas. It is notable that these challenges are common in the legal practice. Therefore, it is of great significance that the legal trainees undergoing their practice also learn reflective practice. The training institutions require integrating the themes for reflective practice in their modules. They should also ensure that the assessment designs for learning lawyers’ takes into consideration the learning to become a reflective practitioner. Different experts have defined reflection as a form of intellectual information processing in the brain associated with critical thinking that people use to arrive at certain anticipated outcomes. Notably, people should just be reflective in all their life. This can be the ideal situation. Reflection is highly applicable to situations, circumstances, which are intricate, poorly structured that a solution may not be insight.

The Conflict Between the Client and the Building Contractor Research Paper

The Conflict Between the Client and the Building Contractor - Research Paper Example The completion date may be adjusted at the request of the client. In making such a request, however, the client has to give the contractor a twelve-week period to respond to the request. This condition may present either a challenge or advantage for the client, depending on the response obtained from the contractor. The pitfall that is evident in this scenario is; there is no assurance of the contractor being able to make such adjustments. In this particular project, the client desires to take ownership of the third and fifth floors before the indicated completion date. If the floors required were the initial ones, this proposition would seem likely. The client, however, seeks to occupy the middle and top-most floors. The challenge is as to how the building process will proceed once the client occupies these floors. To make it easier, the floors that would increase the feasibility of the proposition would be the bottom floors of the building. On the day scheduled for the building pro ject to commence, the contractors encounter a problem. The client has some materials blocking the main entrance to the site. According to the empowerment clause, the contractor can only issue instructions under his mandate. Going against this is an act indicating a breach of contract. The only way that it is possible for the contractor to order for these materials blocking the main entrance to the site is by consulting the Architect/ Contract Administrator (A/CA). The A/CA then issues instructions in writing allowing for the contractor to execute the instructions.

Flag Protection Act of 1989 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Flag Protection Act of 1989 - Essay Example (2) This subsection does not prohibit any conduct consisting of the disposal of a flag when it has become worn or soiled. (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed as indicating an intent on the part of Congress to deprive any State, territory, possession, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico of jurisdiction over any offense over which it would have jurisdiction in the absence of this section. (d)(1) An appeal may be taken directly to the Supreme Court of the United States from any interlocutory or final judgment, decree, or order issued by a United States district court ruling upon the constitutionality of subsection (a). (2) The Supreme Court shall, if it has not previously ruled on the question, accept jurisdiction over the appeal and advance on the docket and expedite to the greatest extent possible. " 1989 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-131, Sec. 2(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: ''Whoever knowingly casts contempt upon any flag of the United States by publicly mutilating, defacing, defiling, burning, or trampling upon it shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.'' Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-131, Sec. 2(b), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. ... any flag of the United States by publicly mutilating, defacing, defiling, burning, or trampling upon it shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.'' Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-131, Sec. 2(b), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: ''The term 'flag of the United States' as used in this section, shall include any flag, standard colors, ensign, or any picture or representation of either, or of any part or parts of either, made of any substance or represented on any substance, of any size evidently purporting to be either of said flag, standard, color, or ensign of the United States of America, or a picture or a representation of either, upon which shall be shown the colors, the stars and the stripes, in any number of either thereof, or of any part or parts of either, by which the average person seeing the same without deliberation may believe the same to represent the flag, standards, colors, or ensign of the United States of America.'' Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101-131, Sec. 3, added subsec. (d). SHORT TITLE OF 1989 AMENDMENT Section 1 of Pub. L. 101-131 provided that: ''This Act (amending this section) may be cited as the 'Flag Protection Act of 1989' [1].'' Texas v. Johnson In first 20 years, the Act was upheld by the local courts and Supreme Court refused to notice it, but then in 1984, during the Republican National Convention in Dallas, Johnson set the flag on fire during the protest. He was convicted of desecration and was sentenced one year in prison and was also fined $ 2000.00. The case went to Supreme Court which affirmed this decision. As a result of this, Congress enacted the Flag Protection Act 1989, according to which, the country's flag should never be desecrated in any form

Employee right case study bea Essay Example for Free

Employee right case study bea Essay The Pledge of Loyalty is part of the baptismal of fire when you enter an organization. When you become part of a group, you are obliged to follow the pledge or if you cannot, just leave. And this will play a crucial role in the discussion of this case study. On the first question of Allen Lopez retaining his job, while the First Amendment states that Lopez’ airing of grievance is protected under the Freedom of Expression, he is, however, in conflict with the crime of defamation and for not observing employment restrictions and loyalty oaths. So while he is allowed to use whatever medium to state his feelings and ideas, the law allows his company to fire him for he endangers the security of his company’s workforce. On the second question on whether Lopez be forced to remove his website, the company may do one of two things. First, the company may petition for Temporary Restraining Order that will be issued by the court which will then order Lopez to freeze the website or to bring it down temporarily before the court decides on whether putting up the website did violate company laws as stated in the loyalty pledge. Second is to sue Lopez for damages and include in their motion that he bring down the website to curb further attacks on the company’s image. Lastly, on how ExtremeNets executives will respect Lopezs rights and dignity, it is best for ExtremeNet to simply ask the court to bring the website down especially if it did not pose any significant negative effects in the dealings of the company. Allen Lopez has been a good employee and was only fighting for the welfare of the lower ranking employees. But still, it is in the discretion of ExtremeNet to either fire or retain Allen Lopez in the company. FindLaw. First Amendment – Freedom of Expression. accessible at http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment01/ eLaws. Employment Law Guide. accessible at http://www.dol.gov/compliance/guide/

Breaking The Television Watching Habit

Breaking The Television Watching Habit For most of you, as it was for me, I grew up watching three, four and even five hours of television a day. It was a part of my daily routine and it wasnt easy for me to break. I managed to do it when my family and I moved to a small city in the west. After we moved in we found out that you had to buy cable if you wanted to have television. So we attempted a little experiment. We decided that we were not going to get cable and just tough it like the good old pioneers. This was partly because we couldnt afford it after the great expense of buying a new house and out of the wishes of my wise mother. So the family tuned out and switched off. It was nuts for a while but then I began to notice some changes taking place in my family and myself. I started to realize that television increased violence and aggression in my siblings and I, detracted from the way our family interacted and finally I noticed its adverse effects on all of our school scores. I plan to show that these adverse effects of television are reason enough to give your TV to the neighbor. Now your probley saying that people are naturally violent. Look at Gengis Kahn and Adolph Hitler . None of them grew up with television and they were still killing innocent people. From what I can tell if TV had been around they would have been a whole lot worse. In the book Televisions Effects, a government study compiled by George A Comstock , It states on page twenty five, that children who had viewed violent programming exhibited more aggressive behavior than children who had viewed a sports program. In the study they were able to tell which children would exhibit this behavior this shows a correlation between violent programming and violent behavior. Even if a naturally violent nature is the root of the problem we also need to recognize that the television is making those naturally aggressive and violent children even more so. We need to realize that these people have a hard time distinguishing between right and wrong. We need to help correct this problem by total abstinence to television. In the book The Plug-In Drug by Marie Winn, a book about the ill effects of television on the different aspects of human life, it states It is particularly hard for parents to buy the Idea that television instigates aggressive behavior when its function in the home is so different, television keeps children quiet and passive, cuts down on loud and boisterous play, prevents outbursts between brothers and sisters. The sad fact of the matter is, parents sometimes have to work and are not able to spend nebulous amounts of time with their children. We need to stop allowing our children to be exposed to the violent distortion of reality that TV proje cts, Our children should be out playing sports or just romping around in the backyard. Activities that are proven to wear kids out and dont bombard them with all kinds of extremely violent stimuli. By destroying TV we can increase productive family time. Stop desensitizing our children to violence and begin to reteach our children good manners and good morals simply by our example. In a story by Ray Bradbury called The Veldt. We see the extreme end of this TV addiction when the existence of the childrens parents is of less importance than continued access to the TV room. Parents you need to let TV be a tool instead of a replacement. We must take up the reigns again raise our future generations the right way, by good old human contact. Now youre probably thinking to yourself, how am I supposed to live without television. Its the peacemaker in our home. When its on the children stay out of my hair and they stop fighting with each other. Anyway its the only time that the family really gets together. It really helps our family get along. You see not only have we replaced the parent with TV we have replaced the good old-fashioned family as well. I think the effects of television on the family and person are best stated in a quote by Urie Brofenbrenner Like the sorcerer of old the television set casts its magic spell , freezing speech and action, turning the living into silent statues so long as the enchantment lasts. The primary danger of the television screen lies not so much in the behavior it produces although there is danger there as in the behavior that it prevents: the talks, the games, the family festivities and arguments through which much of a childs learning takes place and trough which his character is formed. Turning on the television set can turn off the process that transforms children into people. We neglect our responsibilities as parents and families to build children and future generations with character and moral values. When the TV is on we subject our children to the values of the world. We see TV as the fix all for the evening problem. Instead of playing, nurturing and loving we use the TV as the escape hatch. It lets the adults, the rolemodels, have their time and gives the children the necessary attention that they need. While at the same time allowing the parents to keep some semblance of sanity. You see why it is so easy for us to justify TV as a necessity. The bad thing about this is that children spend very little time interacting with adults and their other family members. All they ever see are two-dimensional flashes of lights and sound, merely impressions of a human soul. So good is TV at tricking the mind that we dont even realize that children are lacking something they desperately need, a strong family. In the LDS church families are a very important thing. The LDS church encourages families to take at least one night of the week and set it aside for just the family. This time is spent singing songs, playing games, and doing small acts of service. A lot of good television free family time results on this night and many needed skills like cooking and cleaning are taught to sons and daughters. We need to stop letting TV be our social outlet. It just isnt the same. We are so addicted that without it for even a short period of time we go stir crazy and have no idea how to entertain ourselves. We have forgotten how to enjoy ourselves and our own family members. We need to unplug and tune out. Read a book or even play a game of Monopoly with a younger sibling. We have lost the arts of interaction. We waste our lives away trying to escape, not realizing what we have around us, always wanting the next Scooby Snack, exploding truck or funniest home video. The worst place that TV beats us upside the head is in the learning department. Its like letting Dirty Harry put a big 44 round trough your skull. Now your probley going to try and tell me about good educational programs like Bill Nye and Sesame Street. We cant forget the Discovery channel. Yes, these are the rare jewels of television programming. We need to concentrate our viewing time in these areas. Television despite what programming may be on is an inefficient way to learn. TV is so easy to use and it is so easy to change to a totally different program if it becomes disinteresting or boring. I personally have noticed that whenever I get the remote in my hand I have to switch channels constantly. I think if you asked me what I saw on TV I could only tell you selected parts of the last five minutes. In a study conducted by Canadian researchers three towns were surveyed. One had no TV capabilities. The second city had only one channel. The third city had many channels. When reading score were compared between the three town they found that the highest scores were from the city with no TV. The next highest from the city with one channel and tailing closely behind the second city was the third in last place with many TV stations. Now you might be thinking that this study is not so great because they didnt take into account income and education of the people studied. The thing that make this study so intriguing is that the same group was able to go back into the city that had no TV after it had television for about two years. They found that the scores in the first city had dropped down with the scores of the other two cities. A sad testimony to the ill effects of television. One thing we fail to realize is that little things count when it comes to TV and how it relates to school performance. Things like reduced sleep time caused by late television viewing. Loss of productive play and self-learning time and a reduction of time spent on school work and studying. TV is like a drug, it acts like a good emotional and mental laxative. It lets us forget the things that we dont want to deal with and allows us to take the back seat and partake of the action guilt free. All the while we let our school books rot and our lessons pile up until we have no way to make up for the lost time. This wasted time is hard to fathom. Millions of man-hours wasted on what, a useless story, a few loud explosions and a dead policeman. We should be spending this time on reading, writing, arithmetic, and maybe even some thing we could turn into a career. You dont see an awful lot of people getting paid to watch television. An interesting comparison was done of SAT test score before and after the introduction of television. They found that between the years of 1964 and 1981, The exact years when children who had been exposed to large doses of television during their language learning years came up to take the SAT challenge the researchers witnessed a steep decline from the years before television. I can see how this wasted time that was before used on studying and hobbies was now channeled into six and seven hours of viewing a day. (Plug-In Drug) Could mean the difference between Harvard University and Southern Utah University. Television has proven to be one of the most effective drugs in human history. We can learn to live without it and we can learn to enjoy our families more. We must separate ourselves from that great monster. We must do as my family did and eliminate the need for television. I can honestly say that my grades went up. I had more time to read. We started to do things together as brothers and sister. Now we just have long conversations with each other. If you would like to see the good changes it can make in your life and the numerous benefits that abstinence provides then join me. Throw you TVs in the street.

student :: essays research papers

Strategies For College Writing: Sentences, Paragraphs, Essays Second Edition Jeanette Harris, Texas Christian University Ann Moseley, Texas A&M-Commerce Appropriate Courses Designed for courses in Developmental Writing and Basic Writing. Summary Strategies for College Writing offers full coverage of the basics of writing essays, paragraphs, and sentences with a focus on preparing students for academic writing and reading assignments. The book starts with detailed attention to the writing process at a pace that is comfortable for the developmental student. It emphasizes the importance of the controlling idea, the process of gathering information from both personal experience and other sources, the structure of an essay, and the way in which ideas are arranged and connected. In Part Two, students learn how to use models for each of the patterns of development. The sentence/grammar material is self-contained in Part Three for flexible use by students studying independently or by teachers who might want to focus on a particular topic. Students learn how to construct different types of sentences and how to use appropriate punctuation. Ample exercise material reinforces the instruction. Part Four, Critical Reading Strategies, focuses on the process of reading and relates it to the process of writing and provides students with effective strategies for summarizing, note-taking, and annotating reading material. Features An emphasis on academic writing and reading assignments prepares students to deal successfully with college work. Integration of reading and writing instruction reinforces how these two fundamental skills complement each other and helps students deal more effectively with academic discourse. Abundant exercise work includes group activities called â€Å"Participating in the Academic Community† at the end of each chapter to help promote active learning through collaboration. Chapters on doing research and conducting interviews and observations support students' efforts to look outside themselves for writing topics. A separate section of readings is grouped thematically and offers material from academic and popular sources for practicing critical reading and writing skills. Sentence exercises, including cloze and sentence-combining types, allow students to focus on the discrete skill being taught and then to work with the skill in the context of a paragraph or essay in passages provided in the text and in their own writing. Extensive examples of student writing are included in the writing sections of the book to provide examples that are accessible to students. An extensive instructor's manual supports a variety of course methods and emphases. Contents Each chapter ends with â€Å"Chapter Review,† â€Å"Participating in the Academic Community,† and â€Å"Writing Assignment.

The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on Americas Culture Essay

The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on America's Culture Since its start, the television industry has been criticized for perpetuating myths and stereotypes about African-Americans through characterizations, story lines, and plots. The situation comedy has been the area that has seemed to draw the most criticism, analysis, and disapproval for stereotyping. From Sanford and Son and The Jefferson’s in the 1970s to The Cosby Show (1984) and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air in the 1990s, sitcoms featuring black casts and characters have always been controversial. However, their significance upon our American culture cannot be disregarded. During the 1950s and 1960s, 97% of the families were Caucasian. In the first five years of the 1990s, nearly 14% of the television families were African-American (Bryant 2001). These statistics obviously show the substantial impact our American culture has had on African-American television families. Sanford and Son was set in the early 1970s. They were a very low class, low-income family that was very disjointed. The father, Sanford, spent most of his time drunk and putting his son down. There were few, if any, family values emphasized. The only positive message conveyed was that the son and dad loved each other. One of the next popular African-American shows to appear was The Jefferson’s. It was about a nouveau riche African-American couple, George and Louise Jefferson. Jefferson was a successful businessman, millionaire and owned seven dry cleaning stores. They lived in a ritzy penthouse on the East Side. In fact, the theme song referred to the fact that they â€Å"were movin’ on up!† They lived their lives filled with money and success. It was the first television program that... ...way to a safer place where he could be raised properly. This sitcom emphasized positive African-American stereotypes, such as honesty, love, strong family values, and success. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air also demonstrated that the problems money can bring were not confined to one race. Starting with Sanford and Sons through the progression of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, it is evident that the changes transpiring in society are slowly entering the television industry. What would have been acceptable in the 1970s would be totally unacceptable in this day. No longer is an African-American father in a sitcom shown as a worthless, rude individual. The father figure is now shown more as a responsible, loving, and moral person with more realistic faults. Color now seems, through evolution, to be taken out of the equation for the African-American television families. The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on America's Culture Essay The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on America's Culture Since its start, the television industry has been criticized for perpetuating myths and stereotypes about African-Americans through characterizations, story lines, and plots. The situation comedy has been the area that has seemed to draw the most criticism, analysis, and disapproval for stereotyping. From Sanford and Son and The Jefferson’s in the 1970s to The Cosby Show (1984) and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air in the 1990s, sitcoms featuring black casts and characters have always been controversial. However, their significance upon our American culture cannot be disregarded. During the 1950s and 1960s, 97% of the families were Caucasian. In the first five years of the 1990s, nearly 14% of the television families were African-American (Bryant 2001). These statistics obviously show the substantial impact our American culture has had on African-American television families. Sanford and Son was set in the early 1970s. They were a very low class, low-income family that was very disjointed. The father, Sanford, spent most of his time drunk and putting his son down. There were few, if any, family values emphasized. The only positive message conveyed was that the son and dad loved each other. One of the next popular African-American shows to appear was The Jefferson’s. It was about a nouveau riche African-American couple, George and Louise Jefferson. Jefferson was a successful businessman, millionaire and owned seven dry cleaning stores. They lived in a ritzy penthouse on the East Side. In fact, the theme song referred to the fact that they â€Å"were movin’ on up!† They lived their lives filled with money and success. It was the first television program that... ...way to a safer place where he could be raised properly. This sitcom emphasized positive African-American stereotypes, such as honesty, love, strong family values, and success. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air also demonstrated that the problems money can bring were not confined to one race. Starting with Sanford and Sons through the progression of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, it is evident that the changes transpiring in society are slowly entering the television industry. What would have been acceptable in the 1970s would be totally unacceptable in this day. No longer is an African-American father in a sitcom shown as a worthless, rude individual. The father figure is now shown more as a responsible, loving, and moral person with more realistic faults. Color now seems, through evolution, to be taken out of the equation for the African-American television families.

Norman Jewisons Movie The Hurricane Essay -- Movie Review Essays

Norman Jewison's Movie "The Hurricane" The problem of racial discrimination has been portrayed in many films in the last 15 years. However, The Hurricane does a masterful job at addressing this issue, and will leave audience members clenching their fists in anger at the injustice that happened to a man named Rubin "Hurricane" Carter. The movie demonstrates the racial inequity that can be found in our judicial system through the impressive acting by Denzel Washington and the direction of Norman Jewison. The Hurricane makes you wonder who else has been wrongfully accused in the past 30 years. The Hurricane creates moments of amazing heartfelt punches dealt by Denzel Washington (Rubin "Hurricane" Carter), Vicellous Reon Shannon (Lezra Martin), and the three Canadian friends, Live Schreiber (Sam), Deborah Unger (Lisa), and John Hanna (Terry). All of the actors and actresses produce feelings of love, camaraderie, and determination that causes the audience to jump up and cheer. The movie starts with the story of Rubin Carter and his fight for the middleweight championship. He lost the match in a rigged bout to a weaker opponent. Although, Rubin dominated the ring, he lost the title. The fight foreshadows the racial discrimination that will be played throughout the movie. Later in the movie in the Lafayette Grill two African-American males of middle build murdered three people at the all white establishment. Rubin Carter and John Artis were accused of being those two men. Carter and Artis went to prison for three life sentences. The future looks slim for Carter, however, a pivotal change comes when Lezra Martin discovers Carter's book. The movie focuses on the portrayal of Rubin Carter as he spends 20 years in prison. The a... ... a way that leaves them cheering at the end, takes this film to another level. Jewison has established himself as a great director and reconfirms that with this movie. He is no stranger to racially intensified films. He directed In the Heat of the Night in 1967 and was slated to direct Malcolm X, but refused after a few key people reacted negatively to the idea of a Caucasian male directing the film. The Hurricane, based on the life of Rubin Carter, brings alive the fears, anger, and frustration that he experienced. The Hurricane is no exception for Washington's stunning performances or Jewison's great directing, so if you are looking for a moving, deep, and engrossing film run to your nearest Blockbuster and rent The Hurricane. It is a movie that needs to be seen not just for its value as a good movie, but for its undeniable call for justice and racial equality.

Cause and Effects of Water Pollution Essay

Water Quality is very much in the news these days and it is also a growing public concern. Water is one of the most important resources on the planet and affects nearly every aspect of life. The Great Lakes watershed contains a large percentage of the world’s fresh surface water. The Lakes support the water needs, and jobs of millions of people and poor water quality is an increasing frustration. Description: Lake Huron is the second largest of the Great Lakes and the fifth largest in the world, with the most irregular shape of any of the Great Lakes. Even its largest island, Manitoulin, is wider than the State of Rhode Island, and has five small lakes of its own. The lake is connected with its neighbor, nearly same-sized L. Michigan, only by a narrow straight called the Straights of Mackinac, which is spanned by an 8 km-long bridge, the Mighty Mac. (International Lake Environment Committee) Water pollution is defined as a change in the chemical, physical and biological health of a waterway due to human activity. Unfortunately, this definition applies to the waters of Lake Huron and has had a negative impact on the people who use and rely on this body of water. (Study mode 04, 2012) Although there are many causes of Lake Huron’s pollution, most fall under three categories: 1) Point-source pollution; 2) Nonpoint-source pollution; and 3) Air pollution. Point-source pollution refers to mercury, fecal matter, and sewage, from treatment plants or industrial facilities, being dumped into the Lake. Nonpoint-source pollution refers to runoff of polluted water from crops or lawns which contain contaminants. These contaminants may be oil, sand, and salt from roadways, agricultural chemicals, and nutrients and toxic materials from urban or rural areas (The Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation, 1998-2012). There are many different causes for the pollution in Lake Huron. Some pollutants found include chemicals and metals, nutrient enrichment, pathogens and bacteria, and calefaction. (Cause and Effect of the Pollution of Lake Huron. Anti Essays. Retrieved February 21, 2013) Most of these pollutants come from urban areas. As populations grow, so does the amount of urban areas. The urban areas are constructed with a lot of impermeable materials used to lay roads and build houses. With impermeable materials covering most of the ground, there is no place for rain water to sink in. All the rain water, along with all the chemicals it washes away, runs off in a gutter system. This in turn flows into a stream or the lake itself. This type of runoff includes chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides and suspended solids. (Cause and Effect of the Pollution of Lake Huron. Anti Essays. Retrieved February 21, 2013) www.lakescientist.com Effects of water pollution: Water pollution affects the health of the waterway, the health of the organisms living in and around the waterway, and, eventually, the health of humans. The effects of water pollution can range from aquatic deformities to contaminated fish to â€Å"dead† lakes. Thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2011/10/31 www.lakescientist.com/2011/lake-huron-salmon-fish Microbial contamination Pathogens refer to bacterial organisms (microbes) typically found in the intestinal tracts of mammals, capable of producing disease. Sources of nutrients include municipal wastewater treatment plants, septic systems, and agricultural runoff. Areas of Lake Huron where pathogens are of concern are Saginaw Bay, Severn Sound, and the southeastern shore of the Lake Huron Basin. Effects of pathogens in these regions have included localized beach closings due to E. coli contamination. (Human Health and the Great Lakes April 29, 2003) Chemical contamination Contaminants to Lake Huron originate from a number of sources, including industrial and municipal discharges, spills, landfills, storm sewers, and agricultural runoff. Contaminants enter Lake Huron through a variety of pathways including direct discharges, atmospheric deposition, and tributary discharge. In comparison to Lakes Michigan, Erie and Ontario, contaminant concentrations are relatively low in Lake Huron. Nevertheless, public health advisories exist regarding consumption of trout from the open lake and all Areas of Concern. (Human Health and the Great Lakes April 29, 2003) www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/june2008 Economic Cope Zone Definition: Zone A – Water level regimes that are acceptable and within the tolerance and expectations of a sector. Acceptable levels may vary by sector and location, but are generally within the historical range and not at the extremes. Minimal economic impact. ïÆ'ËœZone B – Water level regimes at which stakeholders can cope under existing policies and infrastructure, but conditions are less than ideal. Stakeholders may suffer negative impacts and may incur additional costs to minimize impacts in this zone. Marginal conditions but generally survivable. Moderate economic impact – short to moderate term. ïÆ'ËœZone C – Water level regimes at which stakeholders can’t cope using existing policies and infrastructure. Sustainability is threatened – for example: marinas to go out of business, commercial shipping is severely curtailed, coastal properties are destroyed, significant damage to infrastructure. Severe economic impact – long-term permanent lo ss. www.glisaclimate.org/wiki/hrwc-economics-impacts. Sources: World Wide Web: http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/211875.html The Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation, 1998-2012. www.lakehuron.on.ca Human Health and the Great Lakes http://www.great-lakes.net

Multiple Questions On Issues Of Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

Suppose you are taking a class in Strategic Sustainable Development. One of your co-workers, who works for a company as a Director of Sustainable Development, calls you up and inquire what you are larning about. Please list five ( 5 ) broad/overarching constructs that you could utilize to depict the nucleus of Strategic Sustainable Development. ( 5 points ) Note: it is non necessary to depict them, merely list them. The FSSD is a generic model for planning and decision-making for accomplishing success in a system of socio-ecological sustainability. Based on scientifically-based rules ( discussed below ) and systems believing, the FSSD supports decision-making in conditions of high complexness, acknowledging the mutuality of the natural universe and society. It can function as compass to steer society towards a sustainable hereafter ; a scheme for sustainability can be developed which links scientific cognition to decision-making. The FSSD has five distinct, non-overlapping degrees: system, success, strategic guidelines, actions and tools. By utilizing the FSSD together with a principles-based definition of sustainability, it becomes possible to judge how actions can be strategically planned and prioritized to travel an organisation and society towards sustainability. Based on a common linguistic communication and apprehension in order to ease cooperation, toA communicate efficaciously, construct consensus and finally travel toward a vision, the FSSD provides a shared mental theoretical account of sustainability. Because it uses an upstream attack, the FSSD anticipates and avoids jobs before they occur, instead than responding to their downstream effects. B – Scientific foundations of FSSD The FSSD is a scientifiA ­cally strict Framework ; scientific foundations ( e.g. Torahs of thermodynamics, energy, information, photosynthesis, biogeochemical rhythms, mutuality of species, system kineticss, cyclic rule and biogeochemical rhythms ) are used to deduce the basic rules of ecological and societal sustainability. C – Metaphor of the Cylinder and the Funnel In its whole-systems position, the FSSD uses the metaphor of the Cylinder and the Funnel to exemplify the blemished readings and tendencies about current world, jobs with our current industrial system and the challenges of sustainability. The funnel helps to visualise the economic, societal and environmental force per unit areas that impinge on society as natural resources and ecosystem services are depleted and diminution while planetary population grows in figure and there is an of all time increasing ingestion of those resources and heightened demand for those services. D – Four Sustainability Principles ( SP ) and the Model of Nine Universal Human Needs The four, first-order Sustainability Principles ( SP ) of the FSSD clearly spell out what ecological and societal conditions must be in order for a society and hence, for development, to be sustainable now and in the hereafter. Understood within SP 4 is a theoretical account of the nine cosmopolitan human needs as defined by the Chilean economic expert Manfred Max-Neef, every bit good as the interrelatednesss between human demands, wants, satisfiers, and pathologies/poverties. E – Backcasting and the ABCD Methodology Backcasting from sustainability rules ( be aftering from success ) is a tool used in the FSSD. First a vision of success is defined and so a spread analysis, utilizing the lens of sustainability is performed, which so helps specify schemes and prioritized actions that work toward shuting the spread. In the ABCD Methodology – First measure ( A ) understanding how to use Backcasting from Principles to the system for analyses of measure ( B ) current patterns and measure ( C ) solutions/visions and ( D ) prioritized actions to make a scheme to accomplish success. In measure ( D ) , actions are prioritized to guarantee that all selected actions areA ( 1 ) moving in the right way ( towards sustainability ) , ( 2 ) A flexible platforms that avoid dead-end investings, and ( 3 ) good concern determinations ( i.e. offer anA equal return on investing ) . InA Chapter 1 ofA Strategic Leadership towards Sustainability, the writer makes frequent reference usage of the words systematic and consistently to depict difference between the cylinder paradigm and the funnel paradigm.A For illustration:AIn the cylinder paradigm: it is believed that socio / ecological impacts come and go. In the funnel paradigm: in world society is on a downhill class – the very conditions of societal / ecological public assistance are being consistently undermined. In the cylinder paradigm: it is believed that societal / ecological impacts are stray events. In the funnel paradigm: in world societal / ecological impacts are interconnected through systematic mistakes of social design.AWhy are the words consistently and systematic of import to do the differentiation between the two paradigms? ( 4 points ) The job of unsustainability ( as represented by the funnel metaphor ) is that the negative impacts we see from our unsustainable manner of life are due to an underlying â€Å" systemic mistake of social design † that will go on to decline. In the current theoretical account of industrial organisation and neoclassical economic sciences, society at big is organized in such a manner that the environmental impacts – pollution, loss of biodiversity, nursery gas emanations etc. – will go on to increase every bit long as society continues on the same paradigm of development. Equally long as the systemic mistakes continue, the conditions for ecological and societal endurance and prosperity will go on to worsen consistently. The funnel metaphor represents a systems theory manner of thought, which understands the rule operation of the ecological and societal systems, acknowledging the mutuality of the natural universe and society. Why were the System Conditions developed harmonizing to the standards of ( I ) necessary, ( two ) sufficient, ( three ) distinct, ( four ) general, ( V ) concrete and ( six ) science-based? ( 2 points ) In order to be successful and widely accepted as legitimate and valid, the system conditions must be necessary ( required in order to accomplish the planning aim, i.e. , sustainability ) and sufficient ( to cover all facets of the aim ) , distinguishable ( to enable comprehension and facilitate development of indexs for monitoring and appraisal ) general ( to construction all social activities relevant to sustainability and do sense for all stakeholders ) , concrete ( to steer job resolution and actions, serve as a usher in job analysis and solutions ) , and science-based. ( proven, scientifically robust theoretical account, based on systems believing and scientific foundations ( e.g. Torahs of thermodynamics, energy, information, photosynthesis, biogeochemical rhythms, mutuality of species, system kineticss, cyclic rule and biogeochemical rhythms ) from which are derived the basic rules of ecological and societal sustainability ) . What does it intend to be â€Å" strategic † ? ( 1 point ) Part of a decision-making procedure in which picks are made, a scheme is a program of prioritising actions in order to accomplish a peculiar end. Once an organisation has established its purpose/mission/vision of an idealised hereafter, it can choose policies and actions within that scheme to travel an organisation towards accomplishing that end. If we have a clearly principled position of a hereafter sustainable society, so we have a position on which we can strategize – base our determinations on strategic guidelines which direct us on the best manner to continue in order to accomplish success in the system, i.e. sustainability. In the FSSD, together with a principles-based definition of sustainability, it becomes possible to judge how actions can be strategically planned and prioritized to travel an organisation and society towards sustainability. If each of the actions below were done in an on-going mode, which Sustainability Principle would be affected? Please fill in the space with the primary Sustainability Principle that the action contributes to, i.e. 1, 2, 3, or 4 ( Write one SP merely for each reply ) . ( 0.5 point each, 5 points entire ) ___3___ overharvesting of fish ___3___ development of fertile land into urban substructure ___2___ release of antibiotics into rivers ___1___ leaching of mined Cd from batteries ___2___ release of methane from cattles ( if one considers that a concentration of methane occurs because of a human activity – herding cowss to back up a meat based diet in surplus of the natural ecosystem ‘s capacity to absorb the inordinate waste this produces ) ___2___ fertiliser run-off that leads to the overrun of algae in nearby lakes ___4 __ deficiency of development of a health care system ___1___ leaking of U from mining operations ___3___ extraction of groundwater at rates that exceed natural refilling ___4___ insecure on the job conditions The Brundtland definition of sustainable development is â€Å" to run into the demands of today without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their demands † ( Brundtland, 1987 ) . Explain how this includes the construct of ecological sustainability. ( 2 points ) Though it is non explicitly stated, ecological sustainability is a cardinal constituent of the Brundtland definition ; all facets of human being and survival – the ability to run into human demands – are integrated with the sustainability of feasible ecological systems. In a systems theoretical account of thought, what happens in one portion of a system affects every other portion. The Brundtland definition is equal in some ways, but does non give counsel as to the design of such a society or how to accomplish this sustainability. It is non specific plenty nor does it hold the simpleness of the FSSD with the four, first-order Sustainability Principles ( SP ) which clearly spell out what ecological and societal conditions must be in order for a society and hence, for development, to be sustainable now and in the hereafter. In the sustainable society, nature is non capable to consistently increasing: concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth ‘s crust ( such as fossil fuels or metals ) , concentrations of substances produced by society ( such as chemical compounds, CFC ‘s, insect powders, and endocrine disrupters ) , debasement by physical agencies ( such as clear-cutting of woods and over-fishing ) Furthermore, in such a ( sustainable ) society, people are non capable to conditions that consistently: 4. undermine their capacity to run into their demands ( such as from the maltreatment of political and economic power ) . The FSSD asks – upstream at the first estimate in the concatenation of cause-and-effect, what are the primary mechanisms of human activities which set off unsustainable impacts downstream? The FSSD recognizes that downstream impacts are rooted in upstream mistakes of social design and operation. All ecological and societal sustainability jobs which society faces today can be attributed to misdemeanors of one or more of these four mechanisms, expressed by the 4 SP. If the society seeks to run into its demands now and in the hereafter, it must conform to the ecological restraints of the first three Sustainability rules, and conform to the social restraints of the 4th Sustainability Principle, so the resources must be adequate to win, in run intoing those demands. Please describe the constructs of a ‘tool ‘ and a ‘framework ‘ , what they are utile for and the difference between them ( 3 points ) A tool is a device that is necessary to, or expedites, a undertaking ; it can besides be a process or procedure used for a specific intent. A model is a basic conceptual construction, a shared mental theoretical account, for traveling an organisation towards accomplishing a end that it has established. A model should inform the choice and usage of tools to back up the model ; tools should be selected and used as needed at each phase. Within the construction established by a model, tools are frequently used to ease actions, gain necessary information, proctor actions and step advancement. The intent is to guarantee that actions are chosen strategically, so that the end ( success ) in the system is achieved. In the FSSD, â€Å" tools † is the 5th degree of the model. When â€Å" backcasting from rules of success † , a tool of the FSSD, is combined with another FSD tool, â€Å" the ABCD methodological analysis † , together they can be used as facilitation tool for analysis, brainstorming Sessionss, larning, vision development, plan design, leading and alteration. In be aftering for sustainable development, illustrations of other utile tools include indexs, direction systems, and life rhythm appraisals. If your co-worker asks you whether this Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development ( FSSD ) is better than other tools or constructs in sustainable development, how would you react? ( 2 points ) With a science-based definition of socio-ecological sustainability, based on systems believing – with four basic first-order Sustainability Principles – the FSSD is a really effectual planning methodological analysis ; it can be used for measuring current conditions, visioning an ideal hereafter, and developing effectual schemes and prioritized actions to accomplish that vision. FSSD is possibly a alone model in that it is, about by definition, a simple ( apprehensible ) yet comprehensive attack that encourages duologue, consensus-building and systems-thinking, all of which create the conditions which can ease profound alteration. The FSSD provides a procedure of continual acquisition that incorporates other methods, tools, and constructs into a shared, structured overview. By its upstream attack – understanding the broader system within which jobs occur every bit good as define the rules which govern success in that system – it becomes an priceless mental theoretical account. It can turn to those jobs at the beginning and turn those jobs into chances for invention, organisational alteration and success. When a practician understands the 5 degree FSSD, the 4 Sustainability Principles, Back-casting and the ABCD methodological analysis, and knows how to use them, that practician has a really powerful usher to voyage the many complexnesss of life sustainably in a complex system. a ) Please discuss the difference between a cardinal human demand, and satisfiers for those demands. Give 2 illustrations of each. ( 4 points ) The Chilean economic expert Manfred Max-Neef presents a different model for New Human Development. He stresses that it is of import that human demands are understood as a system – i.e. they are interrelated and synergistic. Max-Neef considers that human demands are â€Å" finite, few and distinctive † ( as distinct from the conventional impression that â€Å" wants † are infinite and insatiate ) . He defines these cardinal homo demands: subsistence, protection, fondness, apprehension, engagement, diversion ( in the sense of leisure, clip to reflect, or idling ) , creative activity, individuality and freedom. Max-Neef considers that these demands are changeless through all human civilizations and across historical clip periods, but what does alter over clip and between civilizations are the â€Å" satisfiers † – the manner these demands are satisfied. In this theoretical account, any unmet human demand generates â€Å" pathology † – poo rness. In his position, society today is sing corporate pathologies because of the graduated table and dimension of unsated, unmet human demands. Need: Satisfier: Subsistence Healthy balanced diet versus one of high fat, high Calorie, no foods which negatively impacts ecosystems Leisure Time to reflect/dream versus watching violent telecasting passively for long hours B ) Explain how this construct is helpful for sustainable development. ( 2 points ) Max-Neef ‘s definition of what human existences need, and what motivates them, is basically different from the presently held impression. If decision-makers operated harmonizing to his premises instead than those of most economic experts, so the picks they would do would be radically different. Alternatively of utilizing GNP which merely quantifies the economic growing of things and an ever-growing demand for finite natural resources, development must be about people and run intoing their cardinal human demands, non about material objects or money. For the intent of sustainable development, this presents a radically different manner of thought: a new index which quantifies the betterment in people ‘s lives is required and the best development procedure is the 1 that will guarantee the maximal addition in this index of betterment of people ‘s lives. With the Max-Neef theoretical account, sustainable development becomes to the full human-centric. In the yesteryear, the 4th system status for sustainability was worded: In a sustainable society, resources are used reasonably and expeditiously in order to run into basic human demands worldwide. Presently, it reads: In a sustainable society, people are non capable to conditions that consistently undermine their ability to run into their demands. What is the significance of the alteration in diction and what does this mean for be aftering? ( 2 points ) The 2nd diction is less equivocal and focuses more on the â€Å" human † versus â€Å" resource † constituent of the rule. As antecedently stated in the first diction, it is non clear how one quantifies what is a â€Å" just † and efficient † A useA of resources every bit good as what precisely are the basic demands worldwide. Who decides? How is this defined? Besides, the phrase is inactive, it is non clear – who meets the demands of worlds world-wide? In contrast, in the 2nd diction, people themselves decide what they need in order to run into their demands. In this 2nd diction, conditions are ensured so that each individual meets the demands that he/she defines. Another cardinal point is the inclusion of the word â€Å" consistently † which emphasizes the larger, holistic position – a systems believing theory of the status of sustainability, and how conditions are created or are undermined. Since the focal point is now on how worlds define and run into their ain demands, planning must concentrate on the users, non the resources, every bit good asA use a systems approachA to analysing, making and keeping sustainable conditions. See the following 2 sentences: Organization XYZ contributes to the misdemeanor of System Condition One byaˆÂ ¦ . Organization XYZ violates System Condition One byaˆÂ ¦ . Which give voicing would you utilize in a sustainability analysis of an organisation? Why? ( 2 points ) The diction of a ) is more appropriate to be used in an organisation ‘s sustainability analysis since it is understood that â€Å" lending † implies that other organisations are besides capable of â€Å" lending † , and that the behaviour of any one organisations is portion of a larger system of behaviour which can hold an impact on the 4SP. Give voicing a ) recognizes that Organization XYZ is non a exclusive histrion in go againsting the SP, there are others who besides â€Å" contribute † . Wording B ) is excessively across-the-board – no individual organisation can go against the 4SP by itself. The first measure an organisation must do in order to execute a sustainability analysis of itself is to interpret the sustainability principles into their ain organisational context. With an apprehension that the 4SP are minimum demands for sustainability, it is necessary to measure how it is already go againsting these 4SP and move first to be renewing, and so move to follow with the 4SP. If an organisation does non desire to do more jobs into the system, so a logical and ethically relevant recasting of the 4SP would be to add â€Å" non lend † in to the phrasing of the 4SP, which so gives counsel on how to continue towards accomplishing sustainability in conformity with the 4SP. Faculty 2: Applications of Strategic Sustainable Development 35 points Organizational Learning and Change a ) Please describe the construct of ‘Creative Tension ‘ and how it can be utile within Organizational Learning and Change towards sustainability. ( 2points ) Harmonizing to Peter Senge, originative tenseness is the cardinal rule of personal command and a cardinal constituent in personal every bit good as organisational acquisition and alteration. Creative tenseness comes from a â€Å" spread analysis † instead like the one in â€Å" backcasting from rules of success † , but on personal ( or can be, on an organisational ) graduated table. Creative tenseness comes from our clearly holding a vision of where we want to be in contrast to an accurate appraisal of our current world which does non make that vision. Awareness of that â€Å" spread † between the vision and the bing world causes that originative tenseness, which is the beginning of all originative energy. In a state of affairs of Organizational Learning and Change towards sustainability, leading to accomplish success in the system starts with a vision of ecological and societal sustainability in contrast to current unsustainable world ; this spread causes the originative tenseness, which can actuate personal and organisational alteration in order to change that unacceptable world. B ) Briefly describe the ‘personal-organizational moral force ‘ and give two grounds why it is of import to see when you are be aftering to travel strategically towards sustainability. ( 3 points ) There are two ways to decide originative tenseness, either by raising current world toward the vision, which requires alteration, or by take downing the vision toward current world. Persons, groups, and organisations that learn how to work with originative tenseness are better able to utilize this energy to travel world more faithfully toward their visions. Leading through originative tenseness is different than work outing jobs. In job resolution, the energy for alteration comes from trying to acquire away from an facet of current world that is unwanted ; the motive for alteration is extrinsic. With originative tenseness, the energy for alteration comes from the vision, from what we want to make, juxtaposed with current world. With originative tenseness, the motive is intrinsic and hence, more powerful and transformative. degree Celsius ) What are some of the organisational and perceptual challenges that organisations need to get the better of when transitioning towards sustainability? ( 4 points ) Some of the organisational and perceptual challenges that organisations would necessitate to get the better of when transitioning towards sustainability include: A failure to hold on the cardinal paradigm displacement that sustainable development requires. By keeping long-held mental theoretical accounts, organisations fail to basically change the ways in which they produce goods and services. Such organisations believe that sustainability merely involves better controls, fringy betterments, or other â€Å" efficiencies † within their existing, additive concern theoretical account, purely following authorities authorizations. Such patriarchal believing leads to a false sense of security and personal duty for sustainable behaviour is reduced. Many persons have the sense that the challenge of sustainability is non something that they can decide – that person else is taking attention of it ( or non ) . Unfortunately, it can be a belief that holding a particular Green commission or a peculiar individual who is indicated as being responsible for recycling, publicizing â€Å" Earth Day â€Å" events, etc. absolves each person from a ctively prosecuting in turn toing sustainability.A A Therefore there is missing both aA sense ofA personal concern and duty every bit good as a deficiency of comprehending that we each have the ability to do a difference, to convey about these necessary alterations Organizations do non integrate sustainability in their nucleus policies and processs. When an organisation maintains a â€Å" Silo † attack to turn toing issues related to environmental and societal concerns, sustainability is non integrated into all facets of the organisation ‘s activities. Lack of a clear vision about sustainability which is limited to merely following with required governmental authorizations, perpetuating the position quo, i.e. , â€Å" concern as usual † . Missing a systems theory apprehension of what causes unsustainability ; there is a focal point on symptoms and non the root causes of the jobs. Lack of sufficient information that is clear and can easy be understood which explains the negative facets of the current additive production paradigm and the neoclassical economic theoretical account which have brought us to the current unsustainable conditions. Lack of equal mechanisms for the personal/organizational acquisition and alteration which are necessary in order to change current held, engrained impressions. 13. Urban Planning and Land Use a ) Suppose you had the chance to speak to a member of the American Institution of Architects. She knows you are taking the SL1401 distance class and would wish to cognize your overarching sentiment on the 10 rules of Populating Communities that the Institution has developed. What would you state to her? ( 3 points ) Architecture, landscape architecture and urban design surely can act upon and better the quality of life in our state ‘s communities, and while the AIA ‘s 10 Principles of Populating Communities ( AIA 10 Pr. ) are applaudable, they are non every bit inclusive as the FSSD and the four Sustainability Principles. Although the AIA 10 Pr. can cut down a community ‘s part to the misdemeanor of the four SP to a certain grade, it does non supply a consistent, organized construction for the accomplishment of social and ecological sustainability, in contrast to the FSSD which does. As a tool, the AIA 10 Pr. chiefly focuses on cut downing parts to misdemeanors of the first three SP through the use of alternate energy, reuse and recycling of stuffs, execution of energy and H2O efficiency plans, etc. AIA 10 Pr. partly tackles the SP4, but it does non explicitly address economic or societal issues, nor does it turn to human cardinal demands ( such as protection, engagement, apprehension, etc. ) . In the FSSD, the AIA 10 Pr. can be used as one of several tools which can be used to complement each other. When such complementary tools are used together, they are more comprehensive and powerful, leting an organisation to continuously better towards accomplishing a principled definition of sustainability. B ) Explain how the facets of Urban Planning and Land Use covered in Module 2 can be used to assist society travel towards sustainability. ( 4 points ) Based on the analysis we derive from the FSSD, 4 SP and systems believing, supported by the work of ecological economic experts, we now understand that decision-making for Urban Planning and Land Use – how we plan our physical business of infinite by worlds – must concentrate on the integrating of worlds within the ecosphere, an incorporate urban planning scheme. As Bill Reed articulately describe in his theoretical account of the â€Å" Living Systems Approach to Design † , the design procedure must foremost get down by understanding the life processes in each alone topographic point in which we are constructing and so we must plan that battle in order to prolong and reconstruct the wellness and wealth of the topographic point. In this new manner of operating, the aim toward which the metropolis ‘s authorities and establishments work must be to better the life of citizens and renew the wellness of the natural infinite which is occupied. The metropolis program, developed within a procedure of duologue and with the full participation/representation of the stakeholders, must clearly joint these nucleus values. Integrated urban planning actions, based on valuing the single – seting people first – within the ecosphere, conserving and reconstructing natural resources, will ensue in an ecological, people-centered metropolis. Commitment to values such as handiness, transparence, societal justness and poorness decrease and efficient resource direction will ensue sustainable urban development. This overarching scheme would inform all facets of urban planning, including societal, economic and environmental plans. This ecological city-strategy, with strong, consistent governing/design values and a focal point on incorporate systems, combined with strong, informed leading, can be used successfully to aline the actions of be aftering sections to run into these strategic aims, ensuing in successful, long-run execution of scheme. Integrated transit and land-use should be a cardinal constituent in the metropolis ‘s development, commanding growing, cutting pollution and heightening the life of occupants. The environmental quality and economic efficiency of a metropolis are extremely dependent on transit systems ; it is of import that these are well-integrated with urban signifier in order to avoid weak transit systems and unsustainable dependences on private autos. A close relationship between public transit and land-use statute law can be established as a counsel and development tool. Integrated planning procedures structured to guarantee that contrivers in all countries know the scheme and are working with a shared vision and are developing their programs together, would avoid the many jobs of unlinked development ( e.g. , non adequate proviso for green infinite ) . The integrating of different elements of urban development would besides avoid jobs associated with piecemeal development such as pollution, traffic congestion and unsustainable fuel ingestion rates. The creative activity of an independent Institute of Planning can be an effectual mechanism for guaranting planning continuity and success regardless of political, economic and societal challenges ; this forum can function as a research lab for happening originative, incorporate solutions to urban planning jobs, a focal point for larning and ever-evolving organisational growing and alteration. Developing new theoretical accounts that provide cheap, originative urban solutions and reflect local values are an alternate to standard, often-higher-cost attacks. This Institute could besides be the channel through which contrivers and stakeholders could larn about best patterns in sustainable urban design which is being implemented successfully in other locations and states. 14. Economicss a ) Environmental economic experts and ecological economic experts have different worldviews explicating the relationship between the economic system and the ecosphere. Describe the environmental and ecological economic experts ‘ worldviews ( 4 points ) . In the twentieth century, environmental economic sciences was developed with the purpose of internalising the external effects of our current manner of economic production, such as pollution, societal jobs, loss of biodiversity, etc. , into the economic system. Environmental economic sciences modified the neoclassical economic system by utilizing revenue enhancements and subsidies to raise monetary values on scarce resources while advancing the usage of abundant 1s. In the theoretical account of environmental economic sciences, it is recognized that society and the economic system are dependent upon the ecosphere. Their purpose is to work out the job by seting a monetary value on natural resource supply, emanations and other outwardnesss and conveying them into the economic analyses, by pricing mechanism which include: 1.Willingness to pay, 2. Cost to reconstruct, and 3.New cosmopolitan currencies. Through revenue enhancements, resources become more expensive, reflecting the societal and environmental costs of utilizing them and thereby trying to indirectly cut down their usage to sustainable degrees. In their theoretical account, market participants will act in the conformity to the â€Å" enlightened unseeable manus † of the neo-classists, which will ensue in a society which meets human demands, with acceptable degrees of pollution and sustainable usage of resources. Ecological economic sciences is an interdisciplinary field of survey that addresses relationships between ecosystems and economic systems in order to develop a deep apprehension of society and nature as a footing for effectual policies schemes for sustainability. Ecological economic sciences utilizes a holistic, systems approach which views that socioeconomic systems are portion of the overall ecosphere ; it emphasizes the demand to esteem the transporting capacity of the natural ecosystems and the development of just systems of belongings rights and wealth distribution. Ecological economic experts seek to maintain economic sciences separate from societal and ecological systems, keeping that macroeconomics should be used a agency by which to accomplish sustainability and that the entire physical size of the material exchange between the economic system and the ecosphere should be maintained at sustainable degrees for the long term. They recommend the debut of complements to the curre nt economic model which include different methodological analysiss, economic inducements and deterrences, normative Torahs and ordinances every bit good as tools and constructs of economic monitoring. B ) What are some of the challenges that our society demand to get the better of sing the current worldview on economic sciences when transitioning towards sustainability? ( 4 points ) Our current economic system is basically additive in nature, and it measures success by utilizing GDP growing as an index. The focal point is on bring forthing merchandises and presenting them to the client in the fastest and cheapest manner possible, irrespective of the impacts this may do on natural systems. Presently, society infusions resources from the Earth ‘s surface, turns them into goods, and so the by-products of these procedures are discharged back into nature as monolithic sums of frequently extremely toxic waste ( which we call air, H2O, and dirt pollution ) or as solid, industrial, and risky waste. The underlying job with this theoretical account is that the Earth ‘s air, woods, oceans, dirts, workss, and animate beings do non hold the capacity to infinitely provide increasing sums of resources, nor can nature absorb all of society ‘s pollution and waste, particularly given unprecedented population rise and demand for resources. GDP growing is non a satisfactory index for mensurating success in footings of fulfilment of human cardinal demands and social well-being. Continuously increasing degrees of GDP growing is straight linked with the continued development of natural resources which are non renewable and are consuming. As GDP growing is increased, so is the ingestion of natural resources, which is tantamount to society acquiring deeper and deeper into the â€Å" funnel † of unsustainability. In order to travel towards sustainability, policy and determination shapers must understand the pressing demand to alter the current paradigm, create conditions of trust, efficaciously communicate the demand for sustainability and how to accomplish it within the context of planetary justness and an just distribution of wealth, instead than the current impression of increasing GDP growing by of all time increasing ingestion of natural resources and production of waste. 15. Public Policy a ) Please explicate the construct of the â€Å" calamity of the parks † and its relation to public policy and the administration of our parks. ( 3 points ) The â€Å" calamity of the parks † described by Garrett Hardin is a utile construct for understanding how society has brought approximately legion environmental calamities. The â€Å" calamity of the parks † describes a state of affairs in which multiple persons, moving independently, who are concerned merely with their ain opportunism, will finally consume a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is non in anyone ‘s long-run involvement for this to go on. The metaphor illustrates the statement that when persons and groups – who are motivated to maximise their addition without consideration of the demands of others – have free and unrestricted entree to a limited resource, the shared resource is finally reduced through over-exploitation, either temporarily or for good. The cost of this development to the point of depletion is borne by all those to whom the resource is available, which may be an even wider group of persons than those who are working it. Everyone pays the monetary value. B ) Explain how the constructs discussed sing public policy and administration can be used to assist society travel towards sustainability. ( 4 points ) In the context of avoiding over-exploitation of common resources, the â€Å" calamity of the parks † can be applied to a great many modern environmental jobs ( e.g. , overgrazing on federal lands, acerb precipitation, ocean dumping, atmospheric C dioxide discharges, firewood crises in less developed states, overfishing ) . Simply stated, society faces a serious quandary – when an person ‘s rational behaviour ( i.e. , moving without restraint to maximise personal short-run addition ) can do irrational, long-run harm to the environment, others and finally oneself. This is the calamity – each person is caught in a system that compels him/her to increase his demand without limit – in a universe that is limited. To counter this, public policy and administration should move to clearly show the foolishness of irreversibly consuming shared resources, and develop a public policy substructure that respects the restraints of ecological and societal sustainability as defined by the FSSD and the 4SP. In this scenario, policy and determination shapers attempt to act upon human behaviour through sharing of cognition and information, puting up economic inducements and deterrences for those elements which are non addressed by information entirely and presenting normative Torahs and ordinances merely when necessary. 16. How could leading in sustainable development be applied in your field of survey? ( 4 points ) I am a LEED AP, landscape designer and international sustainability adviser. I am portion of a squad of seven designers and contrivers from the Architecture and Urbanism Committee of the Illinois-Sao Paulo Partners of the Americas, an international not-for-profit organisation, on whose Board of Directors I participate as an elective manager. We have been working for old ages on the development of a sustainable maestro program for the historic railway town of Paranapiacaba, in the province of Sao Paulo, Brazil, built in the 1860s by the British in virgin Atlantic rain forest. Paranapiacaba has been declared a registered historic territory by the authorities of Brazil and the World Monuments Fund has placed Paranapiacaba on the Watch list in 2000 and 2002 to raise consciousness of the authorities ‘s attempts and the demand for saving. Our squad convened a Paranapiacaba Technical Assistance Workshop on site in April 2010 in order to make a synergism of cognition and resources which could supply be aftering expertness and thoughtful recommendations on sustainability, land usage, reasonable growing and economic development. Our analysis took into history the legion challenges confronting the hereafter of Paranapiacaba and our recommendations high spot schemes for the sustainable development of the unique, historic Vila of Paranapiacaba and its encompassing part. As a squad of voluntary professionals, without a political docket and free of prepossessions, we work in partnership with local governmental representatives and community members to develop nonsubjective and impartial recommendations. Our construct proposal and vision for the hereafter of Paranapiacaba was developed independently, with the input of all stakeholders, concentrating on the sustainable historic Restoration, saving, societal and economic development of the Vila. In order to guarantee that the cardinal human demands of the community are besides addressed ( ( SP4 ) , we actively develop schemes for inclusive educational, occupation accomplishments developing, wellness and societal plans. When we presented our concluding study with recommendations at a public forum in the City Hall of Santo Andre ( which has legal power over the historic town ) , our program was strongly supported by the authorities and stakeholders. We are presently traveling to implement this sustainable m asterplan. With the cognition I have acquired from BTH ( which I am presently sharing with my teammates, promoting them to besides take the Strategic Sustainable development category at BTH ) , I understand how the FSSD can be adapted to the instance of sustainable planning for Paranapiacaba. Based on scientifically-based, first order rules and systems believing, the FSSD can foster back up our decision-making in these conditions of really high complexness, assisting us to acknowledge the mutuality of the natural universe and society. As a shared theoretical account for planning, to guarantee people understand each other and the ends of their coaction, the FSSD can function as a compass for us to steer Paranapiacaba towards a truly sustainable hereafter in conformity with the 4SP.

Space design considerations for an architecture school

And teaching staff in newly approved Institution / Program. Then it gives detailed time schedule for processing of applications . Page- 72 : It provides further information about Unapproved Institutions, detailed points to be carried out Action in case of violation of Regulations. It provides objectives , eligibility , processing fee and procedure for approval, conditions for approval regarding Collaboration & Twining Program between Indian and Foreign Universities or Institutions in the field of Technical Education, Research and Training .Peg 73- 81 : It gives information about the program , duration and eligibility for students o be considered while giving admission to under graduate degree program, Post Graduate Degree and Post Graduate Diploma Programs (Full Time), Diploma Program, Post Diploma Programs . Page- 107 : It lists the approved Nomenclature of Courses of 400 courses taught under CACTI. It gives information in tabular form regarding the Norms for Intake & Peggy-111 .Num ber of Courses / Divisions in the Technical Institutions of under graduate level, Post Graduate Degree and Post Graduate Diploma Level, Private Limited or Public Limited Company/laundry Establishing Diploma or UnderGraduate or Post Graduate Institute. Peg 12- : it describes the Norms for Land requirement and Building Space for Technical Institution , like the land requirement in acres in Other than Rural places(Competent Authority to certify that the place is not located in a rural area) and Rural Places as defined by Competent Authority.It gives detailed requirements of built-up area divided in 1 . Instructional area (NINA, carpet area in sq. M. ), Administrative area (DAD, carpet area in sq. M. ), Amenities area (AMA, carpet area in sq. 2. Circulation area (CIA) is equal to 0. 250 (NINA+DAD+AMA). M. ). , 3. Total built up area in sq. M. Is equal to (NINA+DAD+AMA)

Online Job Portal

| ONLINE JOB PORTAL Project Duration: Two Months | | | | team membersShivanjali garg kejung kimsing arushi meenaclass teachermrs. uma sharmab. sC (hons) computer science (4th semester)| | ARSD CollegeUniversity of Delhi2012-2013 Academic Year| | 1. Introduction 2. 1 Purpose 2. 2 Scope 2. 3 Functional Requirements 2. 4 Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations 2. 5 Objective 2. 6 References 2. 7 Technologies to be used 2. 8 Overview 2. Overall Description 3. 9 Product Functions 3. 10 User Characteristics 3. 1 Constraints 3. 12 Process Model 3. 13 Architectural Design 3. 14. 1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 3. 14. 2 Data Dictionary 3. 14. 3 Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) 3. 14. 4 Sequence Diagram 3. 14 Use case Model Survey 3. 15 Timeline Chart(Gantt Chart) 3. Estimation 4. 16 Problem Based Estimation (Function Point Metrics) 4. Risk Table and RMMM plan 5. Structure design Methodology 6. Testing Software Requirements Specification 1. 0 Introduction â€Å"Online Job portal† is a web-ba sed application, which helps end user to finding a job with searching criteria like preferred location, job type, work profile and packages.One can post his/her details on this portal with all relative information. There are many respective facilities given to end user. This application provides logins to the end user and Employer type. End user can Create, edit and delete information by using his/her user ID and password. Whereas Employer can search the profiles. Application takes care of all the security issues so that only the authorize logins and even only the computers can access the relevant information. There are three primary users in this application: 1. Job Seekers 2. Employer and 3. AdministratorThe system administrator will have the ability to clean, clear and maintain the database and the whole system management issue. I. Administrator 1. Verify users account given them right to access the right 2. Block a user 3. Create categories on job 4. Create subcategories on the type of job II. Employers 1. Create vacancies for job seekers 2. Search candidates based on their profiles 3. Can schedule an interview with technical professionals 4. Can select interviewers 5. Can send email to selected candidates III. Jobseekers 1. Create an account with a complete profile 2. Search for jobs with different categories 3.Edit/update the profile 4. Apply online for jobs 1. 1 Purpose Computerized Online Job Search System is developed to facilitate the General Administrative system to manage the various information of the Job Seeker and Job Provider and the processes involved in a Placement company. So that, the organization can access accurate information quickly and easily as and when required, thereby improving its operational efficiency and effectiveness. In today’s competitive environment, where everybody is on the top, the Information plays very crucial roles. As far as information is accessed and processed, it can give good result.Today internet is a fas t way of transferring Data and Information over wide area, hence we have used internet as a way for exchanging information. Computerized Systems helps to fulfill these goals. Computerization of the official works will help in doing lot of manual work quickly. It will help in easy storage and access of all information, in short period of time. This way convenience will prevail both for the Job Seeker and the Job Provider. The development of this new website contains the following activities, which try to automate the entire process keeping in the view of database integration approach. This Site Can provide the recruitment information sending option for the Job providers * This website can provide the mail alert and mobile alert facility for the jobseekers * Administrator can control both job provider’s and as well as jobseeker’s Information 1. 2 Scope The scope of the Online Job Portal includes the following key points: 1. It should contain all the information about Com panies and Vacancies which is in this site. 2. It should contain all the information of Job seeker such as * Personal Details * Professional Details * Educational Detail etc. 3.It should process and evaluate job registered by companies. 4. It should contain information related to Job expiry and registration. 5. It should have administrator for scheduling administrative work of site. 1. 3 Functional Requirements †¢ The System should enable Project Managers to submit their job requirements to the HR for posting. †¢ System should incorporate an approval cycle where the HR validates the submitted job posting before posting to the portal †¢ On Approval, the job posting is assigned to an Internal Sourcing Team, who will receive a notification of the new job posting. System should enable Internal Sourcing Team to recommend applicants for associated jobs to the Project Manager †¢ System should enable employees to view and apply different jobs, allow discussions about job s etc. †¢ System should enable Project Managers to View their Job Postings, Applicant details and their profiles for a particular Job Posting, Recommended Applicant details and their profiles for a particular Job Posting Comments or Activities on different postings etc.. †¢ On successful selection, system should enable project Managers to close the job posting and the status of the job should reflect as â€Å"Hired† across the shared communities, dis-allowing employees to further apply for the job. 1. 4 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations: * HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language): It is used to create static web pages. * JSP (Java Server Pages): It is used to create dynamic web content. * J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition): It is a programming platform, belonging to the Java platform, which is used for developing and running distributed java applications.WASCE (Web Sphere Application Server Community Edition): It is an application server that runs and supports the J2E E and the web service applications. * WSAD (Web Sphere Studio Application Developer): It is a designer toolkit which is designed to develop more complex projects by providing a complete dynamic web service. * DB2 (IBM Database 2): It is a database management system that provides a flexible and efficient database platform to raise a strong â€Å"on demand† business applications. * HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol): It is a transaction oriented client/ server protocol between a web browser and a web server. . 5 Objective: This project is aimed at developing a web site for Online Job Portal. It is of great importance to the unemployed people. This site allocates the right job information for suitable persons. All the jobseekers as well as job providers’ information are stored in the database. 1. 6 References * BOOKS * R. S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach * P. Jalote, An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering 1. 7 Technologies to be used * J2EE: (Servlet, JSP, JAXP, Java Beans) Application architecture. * JAVA: Application architecture. WASCE: (Web Sphere Application Server Community Edition) Web Server * DB2: IBM Database. * Ajax: Asynchronous Java Script and XML. * XML: Extension Markup Language. * Web 2. 0: RSS Feed 2. 0. * Localization: 3 Languages – Hindi, Kannada, and English 1. 8 Overview The SRS will include two sections, namely: * Overall Description: This section will describe major components of the system, interconnections, and external interfaces. * Specific Requirements: This section will describe the functions of actors, their roles in the system and the constraints faced by the system. 2. 0 Overall descriptionThe Online Job Portal System is a package to be used by agencies to improve the efficiency of business. The Online Job Portal System to be developed benefits greatly the members. The system provides jobs catalogue and information to members and helps them decide on the jobs to apply . The Admin can keep the jobs catalogue updated all the time so that the members (Job seekers and the agencies) get the updated information all the time. The main users are users: Admin, Members who are the Job seekers and the agencies. 2. 1 Product Function I. Job Employer Job Employer section, which is further sub-divided into – Call for an interview date ? Call for an interview time Call for an asking Job Seeker want to go for an interview? Call for an asking Job Seeker about feedback of interview facing? Check the status true if selecting in the job. II. Job Administrator Job Administration section, which is further sub-divided into four subsections: Check the status true if call back from the company. Also check the status false if Job Seeker is rejected. Viewing members. Emailing Register New Administrator Add Country Add State Add City Edit/Delete Recruiter Edit/Delete Job Seeker View Reports III. Employee Section * Registration Resume upload in the speci fied format * Upload Video/ Audio Resumes – giving an extra edge to the deserving candidates * References/Video References * Option of Video Interviews * Advance search by keywords, location, job title, skill, industry, company, profile * Interest list for Jobs and the option of posting resumes to the entire list in one go * Option of tracking pervious applications * Directory Services like – â€Å"Best places to work† * Creative Resume writing service (paid service). * Option of having Personal Web Page (Profile Builder) – The professional details could be filled through simple designed form.Upload images, scanned salary slips, academic records, experience certificate, passport copy etc. , with a link and it could be accessed online from anywhere with feature of differential access. * Option of taking Industry endorsed tests for better employability and put them on the personal web page along with the resume * Confidentiality feature to define privacy le vel e. g. block current employer from accessing profile. * Access to Customer care * Spell Check facility for the resume * Interview Scheduler – an alert through the email or mobile phone. 2. 2 User CharacteristicsThe user should be familiar with the internet. The user should have knowledge of the area for which he has to file the complaint. 2. 3 Constraints: * GUI is only in English. * Login and password is used for identification of user and there is no facility for guest. * This system is working for multiple servers. * There is no maintainability of back up so availability will get affected * Limited to HTTP/HTTPS. 2. 4 Process Model SPIRAL MODEL SPIRAL MODEL was defined by Barry Boehm in his 1988 article, â€Å"A spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement. This model was not the first model o discuss iterative development, but it was the first model to explain why the iteration models. As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long. Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with a client reviewing the progress thus far. Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project. It is an evolutionary software process model that couples the iterative nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the waterfall method. Fig 1. 0 Spiral Model Reasons for using this model in our project: Estimates (i. e. budget, schedule etc. ) become more realistic as work progresses, because important issues discovered earlier. * It is more able to cope with the changes that are software development generally entails. * Software engineers can get their hands in and start working on the core of a project earlier. * It’s a realistic approach to the development of large scale system and software. Architectural Design 12 Data Flow Diagram Level-0 Level – 1 2. 13 Data Dictionary Job Provider Reg-info = User name + Passwords + Em ail ID + Mobile No Login = User name + Passwords Submit = Job id + Job infoView and Post = Job vacancies + update jobs Job seeker Reg-info = User name + Passwords + Email ID + Mobile No Login info = User name + Passwords Receive = notification Update info = Upload resume Apply for a job = Job id + apply for job Receive = interview call letter Admin Login = User name + Passwords Check report = Complain id 2. 11 ER Diagram C-name URL Address Contacts Home Type of Sector Contact Us Sign Up 1 M Visit Job portal Company Login 1 1 1 Visit D -Resume Post M N M N Qualification M Search Job seeker Job Location Name Category Contact Address Criteria Exp DOB Position Job id Salary 2. 5. Sequence Diagram 2. 5 Use case Model Survey Approve the vacancy Administrator Login Put the vacancy on website Download the CV Send the reply to jobseeker Search for job Register Apply the job Upload resume Employer Check their qualification Job seeker 1. ADMINISTRATOR: * Name of use case:- ADMINSTRATOR * Descr iptions:-To manage the user accounts and maintain the database and user accounts. * Pre-conditions:- administrator user name and password. * Normal flow of events:- ?new login, password, details of the user location id, roles, permissions a granted. ?save details. ?manage the permissions of other users. Alternative flow of events:-if login is wrong then message appears. * Post conditions:-Management of user accounts and permissions. 2. REGISTRATION * Name of usecase:-CREATE the account * Descriptions:-the user can create a new account in the site. * Pre-conditions:- ?not a member of the site. ?invalid username and password. * Normal flow of events:- ?enter the details and submit. ?login the site. ?logout the site. * Alternative flow of events:- ?invalid username. ?invalid password. * Post conditions:- User can use the valuable resources in the site and view the various Job Opportunities. 3.JOB SEEKER * Name of usecase:-Job Seeker * Descriptions:-Job seeker can register & login to th e website and can upload his resume and can search for a desired job followed by applying for it * Pre-conditions:- ?Must have prepared his resume. ?Must have all the required job details. ?Must be eligible to apply for a job ?Must have registered for a job ?Must have prepared his resume * Normal flow of events:- ?enter the details and submit. ?login the site. ?upload a resume ?search for a job ?apply for a job ?check his application status ?can access to customer care * Alternative flow of events:- invalid username. ?invalid password. ?not eligible for the job ?not job is available for which the seeker is eligible ?no vacancies in any company ?have already applied for all the vacancies * Post conditions:- user can wait for the companies to give him a call for the interviews and can regularly check his mails for the alerts(if any)send by he administrator 4. JOB PROVIDER * Name of use case:-Job Provider * Descriptions:-Job Provider can register & login to the website and can add the vacancies update and delete them. * Pre-conditions:- ?Must have some vacancies for chances of vacancies in the future ?Must be eligible to register his company registration ?Must have registered to the site * Normal flow of events:- ?enter the details and submit. ?login the site. ?add the vacancies ?update the vacancies ?delete the vacancies ?check who all have register their vacancy and can contact to them personally * Alternative flow of events:- ?invalid username. ?invalid password. ?not eligible for registering ?no vacancies in the company ?no user registered for the vacancy * Post conditions:- Provider can take the note of the seekers who he wants to call for an interview and can contact with them through mails or calls. . 17 Timeline Chart(Gantt Chart) Work Tasks| 1st Week| 2nd Week| 3rd Week| 4th Week| 5th Week| 1. Communication Meet with team in-charge Identify needs and project constraints Establish product statement Milestone: Product statement defined2. Planning Technical task Risk analysis Source requirement Design and product analysis Project time schedule Milestone: Completion of planning3. Modeling Deciding model Analysis used model Milestone: Model selected4. Construction Code generation Testing Milestone: Completed construction5.Deployment Review the project Delivered to the customer Feedback based on evaluation Milestone: Project completed| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. 2 Computing Function Points Information Domain Value| Count| | Weighting FactorsSimple Average Complex| | | External Inputs| 8| x| 3| 4| 6| =| 24| External outputs| 5| x| 4| 5| 7| =| 20| External Inquiries| 3| x| 3| 4| 6| =| 09| Internal Logical Files| 6| x| 7| 10| 15| =| 42| External Interface Files| 0| x| 5| 7| 10| =| 0| Count Total| 95| To compute function points (FP), the following relationship is used: FP = count total x [0. 5 + 0. 01 x ? (Fi)] = 95x{0. 65+0. 01Ãâ€"46} = 105. 45 Where count total is the sume of all FP entries obtained from the Fi ( i = 1 to 14) are value adjustment factors (VAF) based on responses to the following. 1. Data communication 2. Distributed processing 3. Performance objectives 4. Operation configuration load 5. Transaction rate 6. On-line data entry 7. End user efficiency 8. On-line update 9. Complex processing logic 10. Re-usability 11. Installation ease 12. Operational ease 13. Multiple sites 14. Desier to facilitate change 4. 2. 2 Empirical model based estimation (COCOMO II model) No. f screens in the project: 14 No. of reports: 5 No. of 3GL components: 1 Developer’s experience/capability: Very Low % reuse: 70 Taking the values from the given tables: Thus Object Points= [14X1 + 5X2 ] =24 NOP= (object points) X [(100-%reuse)/100] =24 X 0. 30=7. 2 PROD=4 Thus Estimated effort=NOP/PROD=7. 2/4=1. 8 person-months RISK MANAGEMENT Risks| Category| Probability| Impact| Size estimate may be significantly low| PS| 60%| 2| Large number of users than planned| PS| 30%| 3| Less use than planned| PS| 70% | 2| End users resist system| BU| 40%| 3| Delivery deadline will be tightened| BU| 50%| 2|Customer will change requirements| PS| 80%| 2| Lack of training on tools | DE| 80%| 3| Staff inexperienced| ST| 60%| 2| Poor standard of work| ST| 40%| 1| Poor feedback| BU| 30%| 2| Incomplete requirements| PS| 30%| 2| Risk | Consequence | Action | Size estimate may be significantly low. | Inefficient resource allocation for the software resulting in delivery delays. | Close look at requirement collection process. | Less reuse than planned. | Development time will increase. | Develop efficient SRS. | Customer will change requirements. | Might lead to start of development from scratch. Choose an efficient model that can cope with sudden changes in requirements. | Staff Inexperienced. | Might lead to development of incomplete software. Completed project may receive poor reviews. | Choose the project team efficiently with proper mix of experiences | Poor standard of work. | Will result in a poor q uality project. Some elements may need to be redone. Completed project may receive poor reviews. | Carry out a thorough procurement process looking at issues of experience and quality as well as cost. Include appropriate contingency. | Delivery Deadline may be tightened. Delay in deployment. | Deadline should be carefully calculated keeping all areas in mind. | Poor public response to the software. | Wastage of development efforts with financial losses. | Conduct a survey to get information about market trends. | Requirements are incomplete. | Incomplete software. May get rejected by the customer. | Requirements should be carefully understood and documented. | Lack of training on tools. | Inefficient software product with chances of defects. | Developers should be well trained and comfortable with the development tools. | | | | End users resist system. Redevelopment of the product from scratch. | End users terms and conditions should be mentioned in the SRS. | Larger number of users than planned. | Database will need to be expanded. | Database should be big enough to cope with the worst case situations. | | | | 5. Design 7. 1 Structured Design Methodology Get username & password notifications apply confirmation validate joblist userid resume name&pwd System Database Main Print confirmation Login Apply Notifications Check passwords Check username Get passwords Get username validation login input Send resume Select company pply select view notifications Print Validate Username & password 6. Testing (White Box) 8. 1 Pseudo code 1. If(name==s. name && pwd==s. pwd) 2. then display notifications 3. else re-enter name and password 4. print â€Å"enter valid job category† 5. read j_c 6. if(j_c==s. jc[]) 7. then display job list 8. else print † no such category† 9. display â€Å"select valid job_id† 10. i=1,n=5; 11. do while(i